Programme and Interventions Overview
Probation delivers a range of groupwork programmes and individual interventions with the purpose of encouraging and facilitating change in the service users we supervise. The programmes are designed to address a variety of factors linked to service users’ attitudes and offending behaviour/s. Addressing these factors contribute to reducing reoffending and protecting the public.
Offender Behaviour Programmes
PBNI currently deliver a range of accredited and approved interventions including –
Domestic Abuse
The suite of interventions for domestic abuse with a Domestic Abuse Programme Pathway for:
- Building Better Relationships (BBR) is an accredited group work Programme designed to reduce reoffending by adult males convicted of violence against an intimate partner. The Programme has a strong theoretical base, taking into account recent developments in thinking and research in relation to aggression within relationships.
- Promoting Positive Relationships Programme (PPRP) is an innovative programme designed for adult males, who have demonstrated the potential to be abusive in intimate partner relationships, and whose children are assessed at risk by Social Services. The underlying strategy relating to the intervention is “Tackling Violence at Home” – a strategy for addressing domestic violence and abuse in Northern Ireland and includes the aim to hold perpetrators/abusers accountable and provide effective interventions for their behaviour. The principal aims of PPRP are to ensure the safety of women and children and to prevent further abusive behaviour. It promotes and requires interagency working and central to this are practitioner review meetings, where all agencies involved with the family meet to discuss risk issues and progress on PPRP. The Promoting Positive Relationships Programme is delivered across all five Trust areas.
- Respectful Relationships Intervention Plus (RRI+) aims to develop an educational awareness for individuals who have a history of problems in intimate relationships. The primary goal of RRI+ is to promote healthy relationships and to reduce the risk of abuse against intimate partners and children. It addresses what constitutes healthy relationships, unhealthy relationships, and abusive relationships. It includes the personal identification of thoughts, feelings, beliefs and physiology and the impact of abusive behaviour on victims including children. Other aspects of the programme include skills development, future planning, and development of supportive resources. In this revised version, sessions addressing Responsible Parenting and Social Media issues are included. RRI+ is delivered by Probation case managers on a 1:1 basis with the support of Probation Women’s Safety Workers.
Sexual Offending
The suite of interventions for sexual offending with a Sexual Offence Programme Pathway for:
- Horizon is a Programme designed and accredited by HMPPS, which provides an evidence-informed response to men in prison or on community sentences who have been convicted of a sexual offence. It aims to equip service users’ with skills to build constructive lives that will not involve further offending.
- iHorizon seeks to address the needs and deficits to target those areas identified as established risk factors and incorporate a bio/psycho/social model of change and is grounded in the Risk Need Responsivity, Good Lives Model and Desistance Theories. iHorizon addresses Internet only offending. This refers solely to; possessing, downloading and/or distributing indecent images of children.
- The Safer Lives approach has been developed to provide a structured, clinically approved process for PBNI staff to undertake assessment and interventions for service users who have been convicted of a sexual offence when aged 21 or under. The approach directs a comprehensive, holistic assessment and individualised intervention plan is developed that addresses the deficits which led to their sexual offending.
- Maps for Change (M4C) is a toolkit of exercises which practitioners can use to structure their supervision with adult men who have committed a sexual offence and are assessed as low risk of reconviction. The term ‘Maps’ was used to signify a journey, in this case towards positive change, with the exercises being symbolised as ‘signposts’ which assist the individual in reaching their objective, i.e. by building skills, knowledge and awareness.
Anger and Violence
The suite of interventions for violent offending with a Violent Offence Programme Pathway for:
- The Anger Management Intervention aims to increase the service users understanding of their own thoughts feelings and behaviours specifically linked to anger. It aims to encourage the service user to identify their triggers and develop skills to manage this in a more pro social manner.
- Thinking Skills is based on a cognitive behavioural therapy approach and is a group-work programme designed to encourage service users to manage their thinking around offending behaviour and to manage their risk factors in a more pro social manner.
Substance Misuse
The Substance Misuse Brief Intervention aims to explore the individual’s motivation to change their alcohol &/or substance misuse and whilst increasing insight into their barriers to change. Furthermore, this intervention aims to help the individual identify the effects of their alcohol/substance misuse; help develop a better understanding of the function of their alcohol/substance misuse and connections with offending behaviour. It aims to increase the individual’s understanding of the short and long term physical and mental health effects of using alcohol/substances, to help the individual identify and manage their own triggers for alcohol/substance use and to help the service user to develop steps to move forward.
Victim Awareness
The aim of the Victim Awareness intervention is to assist the service user in considering their behaviour at the time of the offence and to explore how the crime they have committed may have affected others. It aims to encourage the service user to take responsibility for any harm, which they may have caused; to be given the opportunity to share a ‘reflective letter’ with the Victim Information Unit and to demonstrate positive change in their life.
Additional Interventions
It is important to note that Horizon/iHorizon, Thinking Skills and Building Better Relationships (BBR) Programmes cannot be delivered as a Brief Intervention on a one to one basis. Therefore, in order to address the commonly identified needs of service users, PBNI’s Psychology and Programmes department have developed a range of brief interventions, which can be availed of during the supervision period. Such interventions aim to develop the service users understanding of their offending behaviour and develop skills, which will help them to engage in the community in a more prosocial manner.
These interventions include the following:
- Coping Skills Brief Intervention
- Goal Setting Brief Intervention
- Problem Solving Brief Intervention
One to One Interventions
A range of 1:1 interventions have been developed to target the specific needs for individuals who are deemed appropriate for group work.
This range of 1:1 interventions have been designed by both Psychology and Programme staff to respond to these client needs and to assist Probation Officers in their supervision and management of clients. These include Victim Awareness, Hate crime-Accepting Differences, Safer Lives, Alcohol Brief Intervention, Substance Misuse, Anger Management, Problem Solving, and Motivational Enhancement.
Accepting Differences: The Diversity and Awareness Pack Within a Northern Ireland Context
Hate Crime legislation came in to effect in Northern Ireland in September 2004 with the Criminal Justice No.2 (NI) Order. Since then, sentencing is required to take into account when an offence is prompted or aggravated by the victim’s religion, race, sexual orientation or a disability. As such, all statutory agencies must comply with action to develop an intervention to address Hate Crime.
Probation recognises that hate crime is a serious problem which has a devastating impact on victims and their families. The Hate Crime Policy and supporting procedures are intended to provide staff with clear guidance in dealing with both the perpetrators of such offences, as well as victims and potential victims. Probation recognises that we are working in an increasingly diverse society and that understanding, valuing and respecting different cultures is essential to the delivery of effective and responsive interventions.
Probation is committed to dealing effectively with hate crime through purposeful assessment at the pre-sentence stage, as well as facilitating evidence-based intervention during supervision. To this end, Probation launched the Accepting Differences Toolkit. With permission, the Accepting Differences Toolkit was adapted from the Diversity Awareness and Prejudice Pack (DAPP) developed by the London Probation Service. This was founded on empirical research and literature which has identified specific treatment targets for hate crime.
In this regard, the Accepting Differences Toolkit seeks to target the cause of prejudice-motivated crimes, by examining attitudes and raising awareness of the impact of hate crime on the victims, the community and on the perpetrators themselves. It is pitched at a level where it can be used with those convicted of a hate crime, and where it is suspected a service user’s prejudiced beliefs have contributed to their offending.
Promoting Positive Relationship Programme
In July 2014 Probation were awarded funding by the Department of Justice and the Department of Health to develop an intervention programme to address Domestic Abuse for alleged perpetrators.
“Promoting Positive Relationships Programme” (PPRP) is an innovative programme designed for adult males, who have demonstrated the potential to be abusive in intimate partner relationships. and whose children are assessed at risk by Social Services.
The underlying strategy relating to the intervention is “Tackling Violence at Home” – a strategy for addressing domestic violence and abuse in Northern Ireland and includes the aim to hold perpetrators/abusers accountable and provide effective interventions for their behaviour.
The principal aims of PPRP are to ensure the safety of women and children and to prevent further abusive behaviour. It promotes and requires interagency working and central to this are practitioner review meetings, where all agencies involved with the family meet to discuss risk issues and progress on PPRP. The programme is delivered over 24 sessions, with each session 2 hours in duration and including the essential component of the Partner Safety Worker.
The Partner Support Worker role is to support the current partner of the participant, assist with safety planning, provide information about the content of the programme, provide information regarding a participant’s progress on the programme (within agreed parameters) and signpost the partner to other agencies (e.g. Women’s Aid).
The Promoting Positive Relationships Programme is delivered across all five Trust areas.
Respectful Relationship Programme Plus (RRI+)
Probation recognises that domestic abuse is a serious problem which has a devastating impact on victims and their families. Probation is committed to dealing effectively with domestic abuse through purposeful assessment at the pre-sentence stage and evidence-based intervention during supervision. To this end, Probation has revised its original Respectful Relationships Intervention and developed the Respectful Relationship Programme Plus (RRI+).
RRI+ aims to develop an educational awareness for individuals who have a history of problems in intimate relationships. The primary goal of RRI+ is to promote healthy relationships and to reduce the risk of abuse against intimate partners and children. It addresses what constitutes healthy relationships, unhealthy relationships, and abusive relationships. It includes the personal identification of thoughts, feelings, beliefs and physiology and the impact of abusive behaviour on victims including children. Other aspects of the programme include skills development, future planning, and development of supportive resources. In this revised version, sessions addressing Responsible Parenting and Social Media issues are included.
RRI+ builds on Probation's experience of developing and delivering the initial version as well as best practice from other domestic abuse programme interventions. It is intended that RRI+ is delivered by Probation case managers on a 1:1 basis with the support of Probation Women’s Safety Workers.
RRI+ was developed within PBNI by staff with extensive experience of development, delivery, and evaluation of PBNI programmes and interventions. International research and best current practice continue to be at the core of this development.
Guide to Group Work Programmes and Interventions
For more detailed information on Programmes and Individual Interventions please download the Guide below:
Guide to Group Work Programmes & Individual Interventions
For further information on all Probation's programmes please contact:
Psychology Services and Interventions
PBNI HQ
80/90 North Street
Belfast
BT1 1LD
Telephone: (028) 9052 2522